Electricity-meter.



PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904.

A. BLANGHET. ELECTRICITY METER. APPLIOATION FILED MAB. 2v. 1902.

N0 MODEL.

/Q//gese V www M No. 768,557. PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904. A. BEANCEET. ELECTRICITY METER.

APPLICATION FILLED MAR. 27, 1902. N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

fig'. 2

No. l768,557.

PATENTED AUG. 2a, 1904. A.BLAN0EET. ELECTRICITY METER.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB.. 27. 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

N0 MODEL.

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||||||I|l||||||ll|||||| 4. SHEETS-SHEET 4.

PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904.

A. BLANGHET. ELECTRICITY METER.

P PLIOATION FILED MAR. 27. 1902.

UNITED STATESk Patented August 23, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

LAFABRICTION DES COMPTEURS ET MATERIEL CIETE ANONYME, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRICITY- Nl ETER-` SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.

768,557, dated August 23, 1904.

.Application filed March 27, 1902. Serial No. 100,195. (No model.)

T cr/ZZ whom it muy concern.-

Be it known that I, ARTHUR BLANCHET, electrical engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 23 Boulevard Montparnasse, Paris, France, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electricity-Meters, (for which Letters Patent have been secured in France under date of August 28, 1901, No. 318,858, and for which Letters Patent have been applied for in Ger-- many under date of November 5, 1901; in Italy under date of February 26, 1902; in

Spain under date of February 26, 1902; in

Switzerland under date of February 27, 1902; I5 in Austria under date of February 28, 1902; in Hungary under date of' February 28, 1902; in "Belgium under date of February 27, 1902, all in the name of the Compagnie Pour la Fabricationv des Compteurs et Matriel 2O DUsines. a Graz, Socit Anonyme, capital seven million francs, and 'in England [provisional] under date of February 27, 1902,`

No. 5,010, in the name of Arthur Blanchet;)

and I do hereby declare-that the following is a full, clear, and exact specification of the same. y

This invention relates to monophase alternating-current electricity-meters, and more especially to meters wherein the power is measured by the speed of' rotation of a disk or cylinder (armature) on which a magnetic field proportional to the voltage of the distribution and a magnetic field proportional to the current act at the same time. The firstmentioned` field is produced by a winding or an electromagnet in shunt and the secondmentioned rby an electromagnet or winding in series. The two fields are so 'arranged that the currents induced in the armature by 40' the first field are subjected to the action of the other eld,.and vice versa. The resulting couple is balanced by a resistance couple proportional to the speed of rotation of' the armature obtained by the action of' one or more permanent magnets that act on the same armature or on another armature rigidly connected thereto. To enable a combination of this kind to form a watt-hour meter, the speed l of the armature mustalways be proportional to the power EIO cos. y, Ey being the voltage of' the line, I0 the current, and 7/ the angle representing the difference of' phase of E and Io, and for this purpose it is necessary that the motive couple or torque should 4be proportional to the power and that there be no other resistance y couple but that due to the magnets. A large number of combinations have been proposed to enable this `result to be attained. In general they consist in displacing either the liuX of the electromotive force or that of the current, or both, so as to obtain finally two fluxes displaced by ninety are in phase. When I0 and E are displaced by an angle of y, this displacement will. occur inA the flux corresponding to the current, and the couple will remain proportional to the watts.

ment between the phase FE, the velectromotive force and the phase F1 due to the main current, I employ a small transformer whose primary circuit is included in the main circuit kand whose secondary circuit is closed on one of he sets of coils or electromagnets -that act on the armature. The other set forms part of a shunt-circuit which is subjected to the vdifference of potential E and possesses great self-induction. The transformer is constructed in such a way that the secondary current is proportional to the primary current within the limits in which the apparatus operates. I'regulate the resistance of the secondary circuit of the transformer in such a way that its time constant is the same as that of the shunt-circuit by complying with the condition: f

RE ERI (ce) where LE and RE represent, respectively, the self-induction and the resistance of' the shuntcircuit, and 2 L1 and E R1 the corresponding quantities in relation to the secondary circuit of the transformer including the coils or electromagnets B1 that form part thereof and produce the flux F1.` Under these condegrees (or a quarter of' a, period) in relation to each other when I0 and E For the purpose of'k obtaining this displace-. corresponding to DUsiNEs GAZ, so-

ditions the fluxes FE and F1 are displaced by an angle of ninety degrees when E and I0 are in phase. This is indicated b y the diagram of Figure 1, in which, first, o .e indicate the direction of the electromotive force E and of the main current Io; second, 0 y indicate the the direction of the secondary current, which corresponds with the direction of iux F1; third, o .e indicate the direction of iiuX FE; fourth, currents JE and J1, induced in the armature by said fluxes, are shown by thicker lines with their respective displacements YE and CY1 in dotted lines. It will be seen that 0 u and 0 a are parts of a single straight line and that 0 t is at right angle to u 0 e. According to condition (a) 6E281, and the displacement of the fluxes is exactly7 of ninety degrees. The angles 6E and 81 are determined by the relations RE tang. @E w LE 2 R1 tang. 81 Therefore, if condition e is satisfied,

8E I 81; but

FEF1og/:0z-l-t0u-woy and fc 0 I 5E and w 0 1/ I 61 so that A FEFI: i010: 900.

When IO is displaced by an angle 7/ in relation to E, this displacement will occur in Io and F1, and consequentlyin J1. I have found that when the angles LYE and CY1 are small and approximately equal, which is always possible in practice, the motive couple or torque resulting from the sum of the actions of FE on J1 and of F1 on JE remains practically proportional to the cos. y, so that the apparatus constitutes under the conditions indicated a real watt-hour meter whose indications are practically independent of the variations in the frequency, the voltage, and the displacement 7/ within the practical limits. For this purpose it is necessary that the fluxes FE and F1 should be small in relation to the magnetic field of the brake-magnets.

Figs. 2 and 3 shows diagrammatically an example of my meter, which comprises, essentially, an armature A, made of a good conducting metal, on which there act two sets of coils or electromagnets B1 BE, arranged symmetrically in relation to A, and of which one, BE, is traversed by a shunt-current proportional to the volts E and not in phase therewith and of which the other, B1, is inserted into the secondary circuitoi the transformer T1 of which the primary circuit is in series with the consumption-circuit, the entire arrangement being` carried out in accordance. with the conditions hereinbcfore described, so as to make the couple proportional to the power. This motor is retarded by a magnetic brake, comprising magnets M1 M11, that act on the same armature or on another armature rigidly connected thereto while giving a couple proportional to the speed, so that the said speed will finally be proportional lo the power. The number of revolutions is registered by a registering-train, of which w1 is the first wheel which engages, for example, with a worln keyed on the arbor of the moying part. In certain cases in order to obtain a considerable displacement of F1; in relation to E, Iadd a self-induction coil L1; in the shunt-circuit, and by varying the air-gap in the magnetic circuit of this coil ,l can y'ary the time constant of its circuit and obtain the desired regulation. The same regulation may be obtained by means of an adjustable resistance R1 inserted into the secondary circuit of the transformer, so as to comply with the condition a, which can be verilicd in practice by ascertaining if the meter indicates the same thing for the watts displaced as for the watts in phase.

In certain cases I prefer to use electromagnets in lieu of the coils, and fl make their polar surfaces and air-gaps as equal as possible and place them symmetrically in relation to the armature A. Figs. et and 5 represent a meter constructed in accordance with these. conditions, the same letters reprtsenting the same parts as in Figs. 2 and 3. ln this case it has been assumed that the electromagnets BE constituted the shunt-circuit. The phases flux FE and F1 are concentrated on the armature A by a common iron laniinated disk (I. The regulation of the time constants of the shunt-circuit and of the secondary circuit ol the transformer, in which the clectromagmt B is included, is effected either by varying the distance of this disk or by regulating the adjustable resistance R1 included into the secondary.

In certain cases I prefer to arrange the electromagnet BE in a special manner, so as to render the indications of the meter independent of the variations of the electromotive force and to regulate its action for small indications by introducing an auxiliary couple, which is a function of the electromotive force only and is intended to overcome the friction of the armature. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 6 and consists in adding a small magnetic disk e, which produces a deviation of flux. The iiux FE, which traverses the arma.-

ture and produces the induction el'ects, is only a fraction of the iiux produced by the By shunt-circuit in the electromagnet BE.

iOO

moving this'dislr tothe one side 'or' the other asymmetry is produced and tends torotate the armature in one direction or the other when nocurrent is passing through the main circuit. 1 The arrangement is such that this auxiliary couple is added to the effect of the current. The same effect maybe obtained by auxiliary winding. To this end it is sufficient in the arrangements shown in Figs. 2 and 3 to adda second shunt-circuit having a large non-inductive resistance and comprising a small winding on the coil B1. This winding will produce a flux displaced in Vrelation to FE, which, in combination with FE, will tend to rotate the armature. This action Ashould be regulated so as to balance thev friction.

In the apparatus shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the compounding is obtained by the flux produced by a winding E, coiled on one of the arms b of the electromagnet B1 and connected in series with a 'winding coiled on the electromagnet BE and subjected to the inductiveaction of the iux. FE.

Fig. 7 shows a special arrangement of my meter for the purposeof simplifying the construction. The magnetic body of the'transformer T1 has beem combined with the cores of the shunt-electromagnets BE BE.

'In the drawings the electromagnet or electror'nagnets B1, inserted into the secondary circuit of the transformer, have not been shown. They are placed symmetrically in relation to the electromagnets BE'and the armature A.

The defiecting or deviating disk hereinbefore described is arranged laterally opposite to the poles 0c m. 1 i

1. In a motor-meter of the induction type, the combination of coils in a shunt-circuit having a large self-induction; with a transformer, the primary circuit of which is traversed by the main-current; coils included in the secondary circuit of said transformer; a movable armature acted upon by magnetism induced by said coils and also byv magnetisminduced by the shunt-circuit coils; and means for regulating the time-constant of the'secondary circuit of said transformerto equal the time constant of said shunt-circuit, whereby the torque is substantially proportional to the watts and independent of 'the displacement of the electro'- motive lforceI and current, substantially as described.

2.' In a motor-meter of the induction type, the combinationof coils in a shunt-circuit having a large self-induction; with a transformer, the primary circuit of which is traversed by the main current; a movable armature acted upon by magnetism induced by said coils, and also by magnetism induced by the shunt-circuit coils; and an adjustable. resistance. ineluded in the secondary circuit of said transformer for regulating the time constant of said secondary circuit to correspond to that of said shunt-circuit, substantially as described.

3. In a motor-meter of the induction type, the combination of coils in a shunt-circuit having a large self-induction; withatransformer, the primary circuit of which is traversed by the main current; coils included in the secondary circuit of said transformer; a movable armature in the magnetic field of magnetism induced by said coils and of the shunt-circuit coils; and means for deviating-a fraction of the magnetic uX and thereby producing asymmetry.

4;. In a motor-meter of the induction type,

vthe combination of an electromagnet having coils in a shunt-circuit; with a transformer, the primary circuit of which is traversed by the main current; an electromagnet having coils included in the secondary circuit of said transformer; a movable armature in the field of both of said electromagnets; and an auxiliary winding on the electromagnet which is in the secondary circuit of the transformer, said coils being traversed by current proportional to the electromotive force.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this 14th day Aof March, 1902, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses,

' ARTHUR BLANcHE'r.

"Witnesses: i l

DOUGLAS' I-IoRAcuv BRANDON. EDWARDl P. MAcLEAN. 

